日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20386 次

MYSQL INNODB 索引相关

陆陆续续看了一些关于mysql innodb 引擎的文档,但是还是不能回答我自己如何根据查询语言建立索引的问题,所以必须做一些小实验才能解开上述疑惑。

首先,总结下一些文档的内容:

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  1. innodb用的是b+ tree,PK索引树的叶节点是数据文件也就是record,而辅助索引(也就是非PK字段的索引的叶节点则是指向PK索引树的指针),从而达到加快查询的目的。
  2. 索引并非一张表必然建立的,如果数据量较小的话,建议还是不采取建立索引,等查询速度变慢,再建立索引。

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本文章的主要目的在于:

mysql innodb如何使用索引,即一条sql语句如何使用索引。

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测试环境

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  1. OS:Linux debian 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Wed May 18 23:13:22 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux 虚拟机
  2. mysqladmin ?Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.49, for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64

建立基础表结构

建立基础表

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create table test ( col_pk int  primary key,col_index_1 int,col_index_compound_1 int,col_index_coumpount_2 int)engine=innodb,character set=gbk;
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查看主键索引

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 show indexes from test;

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+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| test | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | col_pk | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+

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我们如下查询:

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explain select * from test where col_pk = 1;

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                                               |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | NULL  | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------------------------------+
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从上面可以看出innoDB选择的常量表进行查询,因为表中没有数据所以查询为不可能执行

然后我们插入数据:

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insert into test values(1,1,1,1);
insert into test values(2,1,1,1);

--再次查询
 explain select * from test where col_pk = 1;

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | test  | const | PRIMARY       | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |       |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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插入数据后我们可以看出,这个查询会使用索引col_pk

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接着我们在test建立索引col_index_1和(col_index_compound_1和col_index_compound_2)的索引

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create index index_col_index_1 on test(col_index_1);
create index index_col_index_compound_12 on test(col_index_compound_1,col_index_coumpount_2);
mysql> show indexes from test;
+-------+------------+-----------------------------+--------------+-----------------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name                    | Seq_in_index | Column_name           | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment |
+-------+------------+-----------------------------+-----------