3大备份工具： sqlplus + rman + export

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http://space.itpub.net/23754390/viewspace-670336

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http://liurizhaooracle.blog.163.com/blog/static/1231108722010111694845719/

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数据文件：backup datafile 4,5/tablespace users,indexes?format? '/u01/app/oracle/backup/orcl/orcl_%u' tag='datafile';

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控制文件：backup current controlfile format '' tag='controlfile';

???????????????sql?"?alter? database backup controlfile to trace as ' '/tmp/controlfile.sql' '?"?;

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参数文件：backup spfile format '' tag='spfile';

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归档文件：backup archivelog all delete all input format '' tag='archivelog';

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全备份：backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog delete all input format '' tag='fullbackup';

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零级备份：backup incremental level 0 database format '' tag='level 0';

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差异备份：backup incremental level 1 differential database format '' tag='level 1 diff';

?????????????? sql "?alter?system archive log?current?";

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累计备份：backup incremental level 1 cumulative database format '' tag='level 1 cumu';

???????????????sql " alter system archive log current ";

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Rman归档恢复：
1.mount下恢复：
?????? Using Rman in archivelog: startup mount;
???????????????????????????????? restore database;
???????????????????????????????? recover database;(使用日志文件恢复数据库)
???????????????????????????????? alter database open;
??????????????????????
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2.open下恢复：????????????????????????
??????????? 数据文件: run{
????????????????????????? sql 'alter database datafile 6 offline';
????????????????????????? restore datafile 6;
????????????????????????? recover datafile 6;
????????????????????????? sql 'alter database datafile 6 online;
???????????????????????? }
???????????? 表空间 ：run{
????????????????????????? sql 'alter tablespace users offline immediate';
????????????????????????? restore tablespace users;
????????????????????????? recover tablespace users;
????????????????????????? sql 'alter tablespace users online;
???????????????????????? }??????????
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restore to a new location: run{
????????????????????????????? set newname for datafile 6 to '/u01/oradata/app2.mdf';
????????????????????????????? restore database;
????????????????????????????? switch datafile all; (更新控制文件信息)
????????????????????????????? recover database;
????????????????????????????? alter database open;
????????????????????????????? }

3.控制文件无法mount下恢复：restore controlfile from '备份集名称' to?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? '/opt/ora10/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'
?????????????????????????? 或者restore controlfile from autobackup;
?????????????????????????? 或者restore controlfile(必须有连上catalog)
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? spfile文件在无法nomount下恢复：restore spfile from '' to '/opt/ora10/dbms/dbs/spfileorcl.ora';
???????????????????????????????? 或者restore controlfile from autobackup;
???????????????????????????????? 或者restore controlfile(必须有连上catalog)

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Rman不完全恢复：
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? until time: mount;
?????????????? run{
?????????????????? allcate channel c1 type disk;
?????????????????? allcate channel c2 type disk;
?????????????????? allcate channel c3 type disk;
?????????????????? set until time "to_date('2011-05-19 01:38:49','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')";
?????????????????? restore database;
?????????????????? recover database;
?????????????????? alter database open resetlogs;
?????????????????? }
???????????????
?until sequence:mount;
??????????????? run{
??????????????????? set until sequence 120 thead 1;
??????????????????? restore database;
??????????????????? recover database; #recovers through log 119,not including 120
??????????????????? alter database ope