if object_id('tb') is not null
drop table tb
go
create table tb(id int,name1 varchar(50),name2 varchar(50))
insert into tb select 1,'aaa','呵呵'
insert into tb select 1,'aaabbbb','呵呵'
insert into tb select 1,'a','呵呵'

select id,name1+replicate(' ',(select top 1 len(name1)+2 from tb order by len(name1) desc)-datalength(name1))+name2 as name
from tb 
--或
select id,name1+replicate(' ',10-datalength(name1))+name2 as name
from tb