select * from batch_trx o where o.bat_id in ('HB11BAGBBB','HB11BAGBBA','HB115AEBAA','HB10HA2DCB')
order by
  charindex(o.bat_id,'HB11BAGBBB','HB11BAGBBA','HB115AEBAA','HB10HA2DCB')

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code

--> 测试数据：[test]
if object_id('[test]') is not null 
drop table [test]
create table [test](id varchar(10))
insert [test]
select 'HB10HA2DCB' union all
select 'HB115AEBAA' union all
select 'HB11BAGBBA' union all
select 'HB11BAGBBB'


select * from test 
order by id desc

/*
id
HB11BAGBBB
HB11BAGBBA
HB115AEBAA
HB10HA2DCB
*/

--这么不行么?

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code

select * from batch_trx o where o.bat_id in ('HB11BAGBBB','HB11BAGBBA','HB115AEBAA','HB10HA2DCB')
ORDER BY GETDATE（）